台灣熱血外交官許世楷在日4年為台打拼的實績 1
台灣熱血外交官許世楷在日4年為台打拼的實績 2
資料來源:台灣熱血外交官許世楷在日4年為台打拼的實績
收藏 by dyc
2008年7月27日 星期日
2008年7月23日 星期三
隱藏的邏輯
The Social Atom by Mark Buchanan
隱藏的邏輯--掌握群眾行為的不敗公式 葉偉文譯
why the rich get richer, cheaters get caught, and your neighbor usually looks like you
Ø 重要的是模式，不是人
鑽石之所以亮晶晶，並不是組成鑽石的碳原子都亮晶晶的，
而是因為碳原子的特殊排列方式。
個體單元並不重要，重要的是結構模式。人也一樣。
嘲笑對於進步的期望，是最愚昧的，
只凸顯了精神的貧乏與心靈的無知。
--梅達華(Peter Medawar, 1915-1987)，1960諾貝爾生理醫學獎得主
Ø 為什麼個人的行為無法預測
人是「忘恩負義的兩足動物」，如果他的生活都被事先安排得好好的，
他也會想立刻去破壞它，只為了證明自己的能力。
只要有人，政治這玩意兒早晚會出現。
--恩岑柏格(Hans Magnus Enzensberger)，德國詩人、作家
Ø 我們是摩登原始人
理不理性都沒什麼關係，因為除了理性之外，我們還可以靠著其他方式來做決策，
而且和靠著理性所做的決策選擇一樣好，甚至更好。
文化思想的歷史……是一個不斷改變的模式，不受束縛的偉大理念，
無一避免地轉變成令人窒息的桎梏，最後走向自我瓦解。
--以撒．柏林(Isaiah Berlin)，英國思想家
Ø 洞悉市場的走向
根據適應性原則設計出來的市場模型，現在已成為非常有用的工具，
不但可以拿來預測市場，還可以預測在不尋常的狀況下，市場會發生什麼變化。
人在複雜或不確定的情況下，如何進行推理？
現代心理學告訴我們，人類的邏輯推理能力只算得上是中等程度，而且僅只做了適度運用。
不過我們辨認模式或配合模式的能力卻超強，這在演化上顯然是非常有利的行為。
我們習慣在複雜的問題裡尋找模式。
--布萊恩．亞瑟(Brian Arthur)，經濟學家
Ø 企鵝法則
我們事實上有點像企鵝；缺乏資訊的時候，我們會觀察別人，盡量蒐集片段的資料。
模仿是一種「社會學習」，使我們在很多情況下變得更聰明。
一般人缺乏獨立的意見。他並不想去研究或深思，構成自己的意見，
只是急於得知鄰居的意見，然後盲目跟從。
--馬克．吐溫(Mark Twain)
Ø 合作是上策
賽局理論推測，在這種情況下，自私自利的人永遠不會合作；
然而，在各種類似的情況下，人們確實會經常合作。這是怎麼做到的呢？
人應該是朋友的朋友，以禮物回報禮物。
對別人的微笑答以微笑，而以謊言對付別人的欺瞞。
--《埃達》(Edda)，十三世紀的古冰島文學作品
Ø 為何人喜歡劃分敵我？
我們很多人好像以一種情緒的方式來過濾事實，
以便保護並支持與自己切身相關的團體。這項本能從何而來？
科學最偉大的力量，在於能透過殘酷的客觀性，
向我們揭露出我們預料不到的真理。
--拉福林(Robert Laughlin)，1998諾貝爾物理獎得主
Ø 為什麼有錢人越來越有錢？
拿一張只有0.1毫米厚的薄紙，假設你可以把這張紙對摺25次，
每次對摺後厚度都加倍，最後的厚度會是多少？
一般人可以分成兩類：認為科學是無所不能的人，
以及害怕科學將會無所不能的人。
--雷伊(Dixy Lee Ray)，美國牧師
Ø 未來是可預期的
誰說我們束手無策，非要受制於非預期的後果不可？
我們現在有機會做得比以前更好。
如果每個人都變得科學化了，那麼神職人員和上帝就沒得混了。
訓條：科學是被禁止的，完全不被允許。
科學是最初的罪，是所有罪行的種子，是一種原罪。
--尼采
dyc
隱藏的邏輯--掌握群眾行為的不敗公式 葉偉文譯
why the rich get richer, cheaters get caught, and your neighbor usually looks like you
Ø 重要的是模式，不是人
鑽石之所以亮晶晶，並不是組成鑽石的碳原子都亮晶晶的，
而是因為碳原子的特殊排列方式。
個體單元並不重要，重要的是結構模式。人也一樣。
嘲笑對於進步的期望，是最愚昧的，
只凸顯了精神的貧乏與心靈的無知。
--梅達華(Peter Medawar, 1915-1987)，1960諾貝爾生理醫學獎得主
Ø 為什麼個人的行為無法預測
人是「忘恩負義的兩足動物」，如果他的生活都被事先安排得好好的，
他也會想立刻去破壞它，只為了證明自己的能力。
只要有人，政治這玩意兒早晚會出現。
--恩岑柏格(Hans Magnus Enzensberger)，德國詩人、作家
Ø 我們是摩登原始人
理不理性都沒什麼關係，因為除了理性之外，我們還可以靠著其他方式來做決策，
而且和靠著理性所做的決策選擇一樣好，甚至更好。
文化思想的歷史……是一個不斷改變的模式，不受束縛的偉大理念，
無一避免地轉變成令人窒息的桎梏，最後走向自我瓦解。
--以撒．柏林(Isaiah Berlin)，英國思想家
Ø 洞悉市場的走向
根據適應性原則設計出來的市場模型，現在已成為非常有用的工具，
不但可以拿來預測市場，還可以預測在不尋常的狀況下，市場會發生什麼變化。
人在複雜或不確定的情況下，如何進行推理？
現代心理學告訴我們，人類的邏輯推理能力只算得上是中等程度，而且僅只做了適度運用。
不過我們辨認模式或配合模式的能力卻超強，這在演化上顯然是非常有利的行為。
我們習慣在複雜的問題裡尋找模式。
--布萊恩．亞瑟(Brian Arthur)，經濟學家
Ø 企鵝法則
我們事實上有點像企鵝；缺乏資訊的時候，我們會觀察別人，盡量蒐集片段的資料。
模仿是一種「社會學習」，使我們在很多情況下變得更聰明。
一般人缺乏獨立的意見。他並不想去研究或深思，構成自己的意見，
只是急於得知鄰居的意見，然後盲目跟從。
--馬克．吐溫(Mark Twain)
Ø 合作是上策
賽局理論推測，在這種情況下，自私自利的人永遠不會合作；
然而，在各種類似的情況下，人們確實會經常合作。這是怎麼做到的呢？
人應該是朋友的朋友，以禮物回報禮物。
對別人的微笑答以微笑，而以謊言對付別人的欺瞞。
--《埃達》(Edda)，十三世紀的古冰島文學作品
Ø 為何人喜歡劃分敵我？
我們很多人好像以一種情緒的方式來過濾事實，
以便保護並支持與自己切身相關的團體。這項本能從何而來？
科學最偉大的力量，在於能透過殘酷的客觀性，
向我們揭露出我們預料不到的真理。
--拉福林(Robert Laughlin)，1998諾貝爾物理獎得主
Ø 為什麼有錢人越來越有錢？
拿一張只有0.1毫米厚的薄紙，假設你可以把這張紙對摺25次，
每次對摺後厚度都加倍，最後的厚度會是多少？
一般人可以分成兩類：認為科學是無所不能的人，
以及害怕科學將會無所不能的人。
--雷伊(Dixy Lee Ray)，美國牧師
Ø 未來是可預期的
誰說我們束手無策，非要受制於非預期的後果不可？
我們現在有機會做得比以前更好。
如果每個人都變得科學化了，那麼神職人員和上帝就沒得混了。
訓條：科學是被禁止的，完全不被允許。
科學是最初的罪，是所有罪行的種子，是一種原罪。
--尼采
dyc
2008年7月17日 星期四
2008年7月10日 星期四
生命的長度vs環境的變遷
日前看到北極冰山於今年九月有暫時消融的情形，先不提北極熊沒浮板用的問題，對人類而言算是地球暖化進展的一個里程碑吧~~
如果2050年的地球生活的方式像某個power point上所揭示的，那人生命的長短有什麼意義呢？對我來說，如果沒有意外的話，我是不會留下我的後代的…我現在的生命，除了盡我的社會責任外，並不需要對太遙遠的未來環境所負責…問題是，在我將遇到的未來上，地球的暖化，會造成這顆人類賴以生存的星球多大的浩劫呢？
冰山的消融，冰河的消失，雪線的上升，在在都在說著淡水/食用水逐漸的減少(流到海裏就成鹹水，除非使用昂貴的海水淡化系統，不過量產後，或許會比較便宜？)…我們現在一個人平均一天用多少水呢？不用平均值，自己一天用多少的水呢？喝2000cc的水，總不是用鹽水洗澡，上廁所沖水 、洗手，洗菜、煮菜、洗碗盤…更別提洗衣服所用掉的水量，這個地球，還能任我們蹂躪多久？
淡水的消失，只是其中一項，森林的砍伐，資源的破壞、濫用，再加上資本主義無止盡的鼓勵消費/浪費，快速的汰舊換新，一直都在顯示著資源的消耗…你/妳多久買一件衣服呢？一件衣服穿多久？你/妳的電子產品在你/妳身邊的壽命有多長？手機多久換一隻？我們每個人每個月製造多少不易處理的圾垃呢？
當這些圾垃用另一種方式圍繞在我們的周邊時，我們卻渴求著健康長壽…結果，我們浪費更多的資源來求著健康、求著長壽，加速地球資源的消失…當地球不再是我們現在的樣子時，我們還會希望長壽嗎？當每天只能喝著固定配給的水，只能用潔顏油之類的清潔用油來清理自己時，我們這些用慣水的人，能「享受」用「油」的快樂嗎？這種時候的長壽是種懲罰吧！
在這個大家都以己身利益為重的時代，地球的命運要有所改變是有困難的…畢竟綠能太花錢，已開發國家還在試，開發中國家、未開發國家更不可能花大錢來做這種短期投資報酬率不高的產品/機制。或許，有人說地球搞爛了，我們還有外太空，問題是，外太空中，目前哪裏能讓人生存？太空船上嗎？雖說地球也沒多大，環遊一下只要80天，但是環遊太空船，我想應該會更短，而美麗的星空，在太空船上觀看的話，也只是一望無際的黑，與無數發光的小點所組成(看久，會膩吧~)…
我不會留下我的後代，所以，我不用考慮我後代可能會受什麼苦…我的基因的劫難，就到我為止…留下後代的人類們，如果不能多為他們的後代想想，並且好好的愛護地球，那麼，說再多的愛小孩，也只是個美麗而無用的承諾罷了。
dyc
冰山的消融，冰河的消失，雪線的上升，在在都在說著淡水/食用水逐漸的減少(流到海裏就成鹹水，除非使用昂貴的海水淡化系統，不過量產後，或許會比較便宜？)…我們現在一個人平均一天用多少水呢？不用平均值，自己一天用多少的水呢？喝2000cc的水，總不是用鹽水洗澡，上廁所沖水 、洗手，洗菜、煮菜、洗碗盤…更別提洗衣服所用掉的水量，這個地球，還能任我們蹂躪多久？
淡水的消失，只是其中一項，森林的砍伐，資源的破壞、濫用，再加上資本主義無止盡的鼓勵消費/浪費，快速的汰舊換新，一直都在顯示著資源的消耗…你/妳多久買一件衣服呢？一件衣服穿多久？你/妳的電子產品在你/妳身邊的壽命有多長？手機多久換一隻？我們每個人每個月製造多少不易處理的圾垃呢？
當這些圾垃用另一種方式圍繞在我們的周邊時，我們卻渴求著健康長壽…結果，我們浪費更多的資源來求著健康、求著長壽，加速地球資源的消失…當地球不再是我們現在的樣子時，我們還會希望長壽嗎？當每天只能喝著固定配給的水，只能用潔顏油之類的清潔用油來清理自己時，我們這些用慣水的人，能「享受」用「油」的快樂嗎？這種時候的長壽是種懲罰吧！
在這個大家都以己身利益為重的時代，地球的命運要有所改變是有困難的…畢竟綠能太花錢，已開發國家還在試，開發中國家、未開發國家更不可能花大錢來做這種短期投資報酬率不高的產品/機制。或許，有人說地球搞爛了，我們還有外太空，問題是，外太空中，目前哪裏能讓人生存？太空船上嗎？雖說地球也沒多大，環遊一下只要80天，但是環遊太空船，我想應該會更短，而美麗的星空，在太空船上觀看的話，也只是一望無際的黑，與無數發光的小點所組成(看久，會膩吧~)…
我不會留下我的後代，所以，我不用考慮我後代可能會受什麼苦…我的基因的劫難，就到我為止…留下後代的人類們，如果不能多為他們的後代想想，並且好好的愛護地球，那麼，說再多的愛小孩，也只是個美麗而無用的承諾罷了。
dyc
2008年7月9日 星期三
赤壁小喬演員之我見
赤壁飾小喬 林志玲是花瓶？
老實說，我覺得記者很無聊…
嫉妒林志玲人美有本錢演小喬，就老實說嘛~~
做啥說人家是花瓶？自己連花瓶的邊都摸不到…
只會在一邊五四三！
記得之前林志玲雀屏中選為吳宇森赤壁一劇小喬一角時，
也有一堆的人說小喬的年紀才多大，林志玲來演會不會太超齡、中國一大堆的藝術大學/演藝學校的幼齒美女學生難道會不及林志玲嗎？！……等等的酸言酸語…
吳導為啥偏偏就選了林志玲？！
我都覺得，這是中國那一海票的有「志」美女該檢討的吧？
人家林志玲就是可以用她身份證上的年紀來演出小喬的年輕，
她就是有這個能奈，眼紅的人能奈她何？！
不能(演)就是不能(演)，沒那個氣質就是沒那個氣質！說些酸言酸語，有比較高尚喔？見到鬼！(這麼說有沒有侮辱到鬼啊？)
老實說，我覺得記者很無聊…
嫉妒林志玲人美有本錢演小喬，就老實說嘛~~
做啥說人家是花瓶？自己連花瓶的邊都摸不到…
只會在一邊五四三！
記得之前林志玲雀屏中選為吳宇森赤壁一劇小喬一角時，
也有一堆的人說小喬的年紀才多大，林志玲來演會不會太超齡、中國一大堆的藝術大學/演藝學校的幼齒美女學生難道會不及林志玲嗎？！……等等的酸言酸語…
吳導為啥偏偏就選了林志玲？！
我都覺得，這是中國那一海票的有「志」美女該檢討的吧？
人家林志玲就是可以用她身份證上的年紀來演出小喬的年輕，
她就是有這個能奈，眼紅的人能奈她何？！
不能(演)就是不能(演)，沒那個氣質就是沒那個氣質！說些酸言酸語，有比較高尚喔？見到鬼！(這麼說有沒有侮辱到鬼啊？)
ps. 林志玲是公眾人物(模特兒/演員)，被人評論是正常，至於有沒有演技是看戲就見真章的東西，問人家是不是花瓶？果然是台灣的記者才問的出來的問題…(這不就跟喪家家屬問說--你xx死了，你有傷心難過嗎？--這類問題一樣的等級嗎？)
dyc
2008年7月7日 星期一
freakonomics-名句有感
值得擁有的事物就值得去騙來。
"A thing worth having is a thing worth cheating for."
--費爾滋(W.C. Fields, 1880/1/29 – 1946/12/25)
可以說，我是斷章取義，不過，在某些人，不，大部份人看來這句話，可以說是很有意義。尤其對當今中華民國的從政者而言，更是如此吧~~
如果是我們去騙別人，得利的是自己時，當然很好(沒辦法，人是自私的…)，問題是，如果自己是『被』騙的人的時候，我們會有什麼樣的感想？怪自己太笨(這實在是太不應該了)？！還是該怪自己當下沒有自我思考的能力？
記得以前讀過一本書，裏頭提到--我們的大腦是別人理論的運動場嗎？--讓他人的理論在我們的腦袋裏轉轉，而不做更深層的思考，我們要這樣的大腦嗎？這感覺就很差，好像是為了他人的說法而存在--是為了讓他人的學說放在我的腦袋裏，所以我才存在？我的腦袋是書架喔？！這跟matrix中人類的存在是為了產生讓「母體」運作的電，所以才存在的感覺一樣的差。
政客可以為了自己的理想或利益而欺騙民眾，民眾就有必要乖乖的被欺騙嗎？還是民眾在經過思考過後，選擇了自己可以接受的欺騙，清楚而明白政客的欺騙，但可以在政客的欺騙和民眾自身的利益之間達到平衡呢？
那個笛卡兒說過--我思，故我在--我們這些識字的，有獨立思考過什麼嗎？
或許，值得擁有的事物就值得去騙來。但是，如果能用正當的手段取得時，不是更問心無愧嗎？
dyc
"A thing worth having is a thing worth cheating for."
--費爾滋(W.C. Fields, 1880/1/29 – 1946/12/25)
可以說，我是斷章取義，不過，在某些人，不，大部份人看來這句話，可以說是很有意義。尤其對當今中華民國的從政者而言，更是如此吧~~
如果是我們去騙別人，得利的是自己時，當然很好(沒辦法，人是自私的…)，問題是，如果自己是『被』騙的人的時候，我們會有什麼樣的感想？怪自己太笨(這實在是太不應該了)？！還是該怪自己當下沒有自我思考的能力？
記得以前讀過一本書，裏頭提到--我們的大腦是別人理論的運動場嗎？--讓他人的理論在我們的腦袋裏轉轉，而不做更深層的思考，我們要這樣的大腦嗎？這感覺就很差，好像是為了他人的說法而存在--是為了讓他人的學說放在我的腦袋裏，所以我才存在？我的腦袋是書架喔？！這跟matrix中人類的存在是為了產生讓「母體」運作的電，所以才存在的感覺一樣的差。
政客可以為了自己的理想或利益而欺騙民眾，民眾就有必要乖乖的被欺騙嗎？還是民眾在經過思考過後，選擇了自己可以接受的欺騙，清楚而明白政客的欺騙，但可以在政客的欺騙和民眾自身的利益之間達到平衡呢？
那個笛卡兒說過--我思，故我在--我們這些識字的，有獨立思考過什麼嗎？
或許，值得擁有的事物就值得去騙來。但是，如果能用正當的手段取得時，不是更問心無愧嗎？
dyc
freakonomics--notes
蘋果橘子經濟學
Freakonomics：A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
作者：Steven D. Levitt、Stephen J.Dubner
譯者：李明
誘因是現代生活的基石。
找出各項誘因，算得上是解開幾乎所有謎團的關鍵，不論是暴力犯罪、運動舞弊或線上約會。
傳統看法往往是錯誤的。
傳統看法的形成往往相當初糙，但很難被看穿--不過並不是不可能。
重大的影響往往源自久遠甚或微不足道的原因。
謎團的答案未必全都擺在你的面前。
專家利用資訊優勢為自己謀取利益。
從犯罪學者到房地產仲介人員皆然。
知道該測量什麼、該如何測量，可以讓複雜的世界大為簡化。
Freakonomics：A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
作者：Steven D. Levitt、Stephen J.Dubner
譯者：李明
誘因是現代生活的基石。
找出各項誘因，算得上是解開幾乎所有謎團的關鍵，不論是暴力犯罪、運動舞弊或線上約會。
傳統看法往往是錯誤的。
傳統看法的形成往往相當初糙，但很難被看穿--不過並不是不可能。
重大的影響往往源自久遠甚或微不足道的原因。
謎團的答案未必全都擺在你的面前。
專家利用資訊優勢為自己謀取利益。
從犯罪學者到房地產仲介人員皆然。
知道該測量什麼、該如何測量，可以讓複雜的世界大為簡化。
2008年7月6日 星期日
邱吉爾的領導智慧-part2
chap 4寬厚的力量
有次我受為法國一座紀念碑撰文，寫下了「作戰時，奮戰到底；挫敗時，全力還擊；勝利時，心存寬厚；和平時，友好親善。」
--邱吉爾，《我的早年生活》，1930
教戰守則
身陷爭執，你應該伸拳掄臂，讓對手知道。……絕對不能沒有鬥性和意志力。
--邱吉爾，英國國會，1947/1/31
教戰守則
現在，我就站在前線，而不是坐在家裡乾等，還可以自己來發消息，這真是太棒了。
--邱吉爾，《第二次世界大戰回憶錄：命運的關鍵》，1950
教戰守則
整理 by dyc
有次我受為法國一座紀念碑撰文，寫下了「作戰時，奮戰到底；挫敗時，全力還擊；勝利時，心存寬厚；和平時，友好親善。」
--邱吉爾，《我的早年生活》，1930
教戰守則
- 寬厚培養出部屬與夥伴的信任與忠誠。
- 報復如兩刃刀，勝者與敗者都受傷。
- 與對手分享，能走出憤怒，相互理解。
- 對弱者寬宏大量，敵手變同盟。
- 當個人恩怨與歧見導致危機難解時，請和解與妥協。
身陷爭執，你應該伸拳掄臂，讓對手知道。……絕對不能沒有鬥性和意志力。
--邱吉爾，英國國會，1947/1/31
教戰守則
- 以韌性與彈性挺身面對他人，切記安德魯．卡內基的名言：「一旦力量能及，就指揮你的老闆，而且愈快愈好。」-->看不懂…
- 密切掌握敵方，事先研究，先發制人。
- 在敵人強大之前，先解除其武裝。
- 當反對勢力運作抵制，記得合縱連橫，建立聯盟。
- 用幽默與尊嚴讓對手站不住腳，勿以個人意氣面對攻擊。
- 面對天大侮辱，沉默是最好的回應，讓弱者去絮絮不休。-->先告侮辱的人之後，就說交給法律處理…
現在，我就站在前線，而不是坐在家裡乾等，還可以自己來發消息，這真是太棒了。
--邱吉爾，《第二次世界大戰回憶錄：命運的關鍵》，1950
教戰守則
- 巡視整個機構，對組織日常運作，取得個人的第一手觀感。
- 不要依賴部屬的報告。
- 捨棄有人導覽的參觀，去和實際工作的人們打成一片。
- 訪視時樂在其中，散播樂觀心態，鼓舞士氣。
- 把部屬的若干問題當成是自己的，傾聽並回應抱怨和建議。
- 改善工作環境。
- 找出多餘的官僚組織與浪費，要求主動積極的態度度及解決問題的方案。
- 與同僚部屬共進午餐，在輕鬆的氣氛中，了解員工和問題。
- 領導者沒有固定的工作時間，工作是無休無止的交融於生活中。-->真是一個累啊~~
整理 by dyc
2008年7月4日 星期五
聖樂in柯南--戰慄的樂譜
Amazing Grace John Newton
singed by Judy Collins and the choir
Amazing grace, how sweet the sound
That saved a wretch like me
I once was lost, but now I'm found
Was blind, but now I see
'Twas grace that taught my heart to fear
And grace that fear relieved
How precious did that grace appear
The hour I first believed
Through many dangers, toils, and snares
I have already come
'Tis grace has brought me safe thus far
And grace will lead me home
How sweet the name of Jesus sounds
in a believer's ear
It soothes his sorrows, heals his wounds
And drives away his fear
Must Jesus bear the cross alone
And all the world go free
No, there's a cross for everyone
And there's a cross for me.
When we've been here ten thousand years
Bright shining as the sun,
We've no less days to sing God's praise
than when we first begun
singed by Judy Collins and the choir
Amazing grace, how sweet the sound
That saved a wretch like me
I once was lost, but now I'm found
Was blind, but now I see
'Twas grace that taught my heart to fear
And grace that fear relieved
How precious did that grace appear
The hour I first believed
Through many dangers, toils, and snares
I have already come
'Tis grace has brought me safe thus far
And grace will lead me home
How sweet the name of Jesus sounds
in a believer's ear
It soothes his sorrows, heals his wounds
And drives away his fear
Must Jesus bear the cross alone
And all the world go free
No, there's a cross for everyone
And there's a cross for me.
When we've been here ten thousand years
Bright shining as the sun,
We've no less days to sing God's praise
than when we first begun
2008年7月2日 星期三
士之所當為？
為天地立心，為生民立命；
為往聖繼絕學，為萬世開太平。
--宋．張載 《西銘》
先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂。
--宋．范仲淹 《岳陽樓記》
禮運大同篇．孔子大道之行也，天下為公；
選賢與能講信修睦。
故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子；
使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，
鰥、寡、孤、獨、廢疾者皆有所養。
男有分，女有 歸。
貨惡其棄於地也，不必藏於己；
力惡其不出於身也，不必為己。
是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作；
故外戶而不閉。是謂大同。
做為一個「士」或者「讀書人」，應該做的是什麼？
如果我們的讀書人只重自己的利益、權利/力，這是我們自念書以來所企盼的社會嗎？到底是為了什麼要古聖先賢所著的論述呢？檣虜灰飛煙滅時，拿來裝優雅用嗎？人民都死光了，還談上流個鬼！
滿口的仁義道德，骨子裏男盜女娼~~
說一套，做一套。這能說是一個「士」嗎？
讀著張載、范仲淹的名句，更是讓人神傷…
到底，在台灣這塊土地上的讀書人有為在這塊土地上生活的人做了些什麼事嗎？還是，只在為自己爭權奪利(拼經濟？)？！
終究，禮運大同，也只能在書中存活啊……
dyc
為往聖繼絕學，為萬世開太平。
--宋．張載 《西銘》
先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂。
--宋．范仲淹 《岳陽樓記》
禮運大同篇．孔子大道之行也，天下為公；
選賢與能講信修睦。
故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子；
使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，
鰥、寡、孤、獨、廢疾者皆有所養。
男有分，女有 歸。
貨惡其棄於地也，不必藏於己；
力惡其不出於身也，不必為己。
是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作；
故外戶而不閉。是謂大同。
做為一個「士」或者「讀書人」，應該做的是什麼？
如果我們的讀書人只重自己的利益、權利/力，這是我們自念書以來所企盼的社會嗎？到底是為了什麼要古聖先賢所著的論述呢？檣虜灰飛煙滅時，拿來裝優雅用嗎？人民都死光了，還談上流個鬼！
滿口的仁義道德，骨子裏男盜女娼~~
說一套，做一套。這能說是一個「士」嗎？
讀著張載、范仲淹的名句，更是讓人神傷…
到底，在台灣這塊土地上的讀書人有為在這塊土地上生活的人做了些什麼事嗎？還是，只在為自己爭權奪利(拼經濟？)？！
終究，禮運大同，也只能在書中存活啊……
dyc
2008年7月1日 星期二
邱吉爾的領導智慧-part1
邱吉爾的領導智慧
作者：西莉亞．桑地斯、強納森．李特曼
譯者：張慧英
We Shall Not Fail: The Inspiring Leadership of Winston Churchill
by Celia Sandys, Jonathan Littman
chap 1 創造勇氣
勇氣正是人的首要品格，因為有了它，才能保證有其他。
--邱吉爾，《當代偉人》，1937
教戰守則
沒什麼想法能荒誕到，不該以穩健眼光去詳查、考量的。
--邱吉爾，英國國會，1940/5/23
教戰守則
人類的天賦中，沒有比雄辯更珍貴的了……享有它的人能揮舞比偉大君主更恆久的力量。這世上，他自成勢力。就算遭其政黨拋棄、被朋友背叛、被摘除所有職位，只要駕馭這股力量，仍然萬夫莫敵。
--邱吉爾，《雄辯的支架》，1898
教戰守則
dyc
作者：西莉亞．桑地斯、強納森．李特曼
譯者：張慧英
We Shall Not Fail: The Inspiring Leadership of Winston Churchill
by Celia Sandys, Jonathan Littman
chap 1 創造勇氣
勇氣正是人的首要品格，因為有了它，才能保證有其他。
--邱吉爾，《當代偉人》，1937
教戰守則
- 正面迎擊挑戰。
- 好奇而膽大，在日常工作及生活車，尋找展現勇氣的機會。
- 好的領導者創造文化，視失敗及錯誤為通往成功的台階。
- 顯現個人勇氣，可激勵意志渙散的團隊或組織。
- 遇到人生或事業挫折，要保持信心。即使最不利的處境，勇氣也將帶來最光明的機會。
沒什麼想法能荒誕到，不該以穩健眼光去詳查、考量的。
--邱吉爾，英國國會，1940/5/23
教戰守則
- 出現新問題時，請考慮建立新組織，或用新方法來解決。
- 要重新整修生鏽的單位，必須精簡組織，建立清楚的協調與指揮脈絡。
- 要賦予日常工作的意義，必須使工作人性化，加入有趣的元素，去除官僚運作。
- 「只有工作沒有玩樂，誰都會變笨」，工作量過多將減少創意及產量。不管期限有多緊迫，都要給人放鬆的時間。
- 務實而靈活，依情勢所需改變規則與策略。保持開放的心胸。
- 激勵他人找出更快達成目標的方法。
- 千萬不要讓科技被不懂的人踢到一邊去。
- 從錯誤中學習，是重要的課程之一，認清你能運用多少變數來獲致成功。
人類的天賦中，沒有比雄辯更珍貴的了……享有它的人能揮舞比偉大君主更恆久的力量。這世上，他自成勢力。就算遭其政黨拋棄、被朋友背叛、被摘除所有職位，只要駕馭這股力量，仍然萬夫莫敵。
--邱吉爾，《雄辯的支架》，1898
教戰守則
- 打鐵趁熱，隨時出擊。
- 組成團隊，處理長篇演講或報告。
- 切合聽眾的心情。
- 挑戰聽眾。
- 牢記基本事物。廣泛閱讀以建立歷史感。閱讀有內涵與風格的經典著作。
- 運用研究與排練，努力成為卓越的演講家。
- 培養掌握時機的能力，正確掌握最佳的停頓點。
- 用自己的聲音，在演講或報告中留下永恆印記。
dyc
The Scaffolding of Rhetoric
THE SCAFFOLDING OF RHETORIC
by Winston Churchill, 1897
Of all the talents bestowed upon men, none is so precious as the gift of oratory. He who enjoys it wields a power more durable than that of a great king. He is an independent force in the world. Abandoned by his party, betrayed by his friends, stripped of his offices, whoever can command his power is still formidable. Many have watched its effects. A meeting of grave citizens, protected by all the cynicism of these prosaic days, is unable to resist its influence. From unresponsive silence they advance to grudging approval and thence to complete agreement with the speaker. The cheers become louder and more frequent; the enthusiasm momentarily increases; until they are convulsed by emotions they are unable to control and shaken by passions of which they have resigned the direction.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The nature of so great and permanent a force may well claim and has often received careful investigation. Is it born or acquired? Does it work for good or ill? Is it real or artificial? Such are the questions that philosophers from the days of Aristotle have revolved. Nor do they remain unanswered. And yet, with respect to the oratory of the English speaking peoples, there is room for further inquiry. It appears that there are certain elements inherent in all rhetoric: that there are certain features common to all the finest speeches in the English language. In painting partly mechanical arrangements of colour give pleasure to the eye. In music certain combinations of chords and discords are agreeable to the ear. And the art of oratory has also its "values" and its "thorough base": and this it is the ambitious aim of the article to examine.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
As the analysis proceeds we shall observe that rhetorical power is neither wholly bestowed nor wholly acquired, but cultivated. The peculiar temperament and talents of the orator must be his by nature. Their development is encouraged by practice. The orator is real. The rhetoric is partly artificial. Partly, but not wholly; for the nature of the artist is the spirit of his art, and much that appears to be the result of study is due to instinct. If we examine this strange being by the light of history we shall discover that he is in character sympathetic, sentimental, and earnest: that he is often as easily influenced by others as others are by him. Indeed the orator is the embodiment of the passions of the multitude. Before he can inspire them with any emotion he must be swayed by it himself. When he would rouse their indignation his heart is filled with anger. Before he can move their tears his own must flow. To convince them he must himself believe. His opinions may change as their impressions fade, but every orator means what he says at the moment he says it. He may be often inconsistent. He is never consciously insincere.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The direct, though not the admitted, object which the orator has in view is to allay the commonplace influences and critical faculties of his audience, by presenting to their imaginations a series of vivid impressions which are replaced before they can be too closely examined and vanish before they can be assailed. The following appear to be the [five] principal elements by which this object is obtained.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Correctness of DictionKnowledge of a language is measured by the nice and exact appreciation of words. There is no more important element in the technique of rhetoric than the continual employment of the best possible word. Whatever part of speech it is it must in each case absolutely express the full meaning of the speaker. It will leave no room for alternatives. Words exist in virtue of no arbitrary rule but have been evolved by the taste and experience of mankind and the instinct of language is implanted very deeply in the human character. There are few audiences so ignorant as to be incapable of admiring correct diction--for even if they have never heard the word before--they will, if it be rightly used understand its meaning. The scotch have been described as a "stern and dour" folk. "Dour" is a rare and uncommon word: but what else could it convey to the Anglo-Saxon mind than the character of the people of a cold, grey land, severe, just, thrifty and religious. So powerful indeed is the fascination of correct expression that it not only influences the audience, but sometimes even induces the orator, without prejudice to his sincerity, to adapt his principles to his phrases.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The unreflecting often imagine that the effects of oratory are produced by the use of long words. The error of this idea will appear from what has been written. The shorter words of a language are usually the more ancient. Their meaning is more ingrained in the national character and they appeal with greater force to simple understandings than words recently introduced from the Latin and the Greek. All the speeches of great English rhetoricians--except when addressing highly cultured audiences--display an uniform preference for short, homely words of common usage--so long as such words can fully express their thoughts and feelings....
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RhythmThe great influence of sound on the human brain is well known. The sentences of the orator when he appeals to his art become long, rolling and sonorous. The peculiar balance of the phrases produces a cadence which resembles blank verse rather than prose. It would be easy to multiply examples since nearly every famous peroration in the English language might be quoted. We prefer to allude only to the opening lines of Dr. Johnson's "Rasselas" as a remarkable instance of correctness of diction and rhythm--which in a speech could not have failed to produce a tremendous effect upon an audience.
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Accumulation of ArgumentThe climax of oratory is reached by a rapid succession of waves of sound and vivid pictures. The audience is delighted by the changing scenes presented to their imagination. Their ear is tickled by the rhythm of the language. The enthusiasm rises. A series of facts is brought forward all pointing in a common direction. The end appears in view before it is reached. The crowd anticipate the conclusion and the last words fall amid a thunder of assent.
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AnalogyThe affection of the mind for argument by analogy may afford a fertile theme to the cynical philosopher. The ambition of human beings to extend their knowledge favours the belief that the unknown is only an extension of the known: that the abstract and the concrete are ruled by similar principles: that the finite and the infinite are homogeneous. An apt analogy connects or appears to connect these distant spheres. It appeals to the everyday knowledge of the hearer and invites him to decide the problems that have baffled his powers of reason by the standard of the nursery and the heart. Argument by analogy leads to conviction rather than to proof and often led to glaring error.
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In spite of the arguments of the cynic the influence exercised over the human mind by apt analogies is and has always been immense. Whether they translate an established truth into simple language or whether they adventurously aspire to reveal the unknown, they are among the most formidable weapons of the rhetorician. The effect upon the most cultivated audiences is electrical.... One such will make a speech or mar a measure.
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Wild ExtravaganceA tendency to wild extravagance of language--to extravagance so wild that reason recoils is evident in most perorations. The emotions of the speaker and the listeners are alike aroused and some expression must be found that will represent all they are feeling. This usually embodies in an extreme form the principles they are supporting. Thus Mr. Pitt wishing to eulogise the freedom possessed by Englishmen:"The poorest man may in his cottage bid defiance to all the forces of the Crown. It may be frail; its roof may shake: the wind may blow through it; the storms may enter, the rain may enter--but the King of England cannot enter! All his forces dare not cross the threshold of the ruined tenement."or Mr. Bryan anxious to display the superiority of a silver over a gold standard:"You shall not press a crown of thorns upon the brow of labour or crucify humanity on a cross of gold."
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The effect of such extravagances on a political struggle is tremendous. They become the watchwords of parties and the creeds of nationalities. But upon the audience the effect is to reduce pressure as when a safety valve is opened. Their feelings are more than adequately expressed. Their enthusiasm has boiled over. The orator who wished to incite his audience to a deed of violence would follow his accumulative argument, his rhythmical periods, his vivid word-pictures, by a moderate and reasonable conclusion. The cooling drink will be withheld from the thirsty man. the safety valves will be screwed down and the people will go out into the night to find the expression of their feelings for themselves. But a fortunate circumstance protects society from this danger. The man who can inspire the crowd by words, is as we have already observed, under the influence himself. Nor can he resist the desire to express his opinions in an extreme form or to carry his argument to to the culmination. But for this cunning counter-poise rhetoric would long since have been adjudged a crime.
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We conceive by this analysis we have displayed the principal elements of English oratory. So detailed and disconnected an examination of the structure favours the impression that rhetoric is to be regarded as an artificial science, which may be acquired by any who possess the physical qualifications. Experience shows that this conclusion would be incorrect. Throughout the country are men who speak well and fluently, who devote opportunity, talent and perseverance to improving their speaking and yet never deserve to be called orators. The subtle art of combining the various elements that separately mean nothing and collectively mean so much in an harmonious proportion is known to very few. Nor can it ever be imparted by them to others. Nature guards her secrets well and stops the mouths of those in whom she confides. But as the Chemist does not despair of ultimately bridging the chasm between the organic and the inorganic and of creating the living microcosm from its primordial elements, so the student of rhetoric may indulge the hope that Nature will finally yield to observation and perseverance, the key to the hearts of men.
by Winston Churchill, 1897
Of all the talents bestowed upon men, none is so precious as the gift of oratory. He who enjoys it wields a power more durable than that of a great king. He is an independent force in the world. Abandoned by his party, betrayed by his friends, stripped of his offices, whoever can command his power is still formidable. Many have watched its effects. A meeting of grave citizens, protected by all the cynicism of these prosaic days, is unable to resist its influence. From unresponsive silence they advance to grudging approval and thence to complete agreement with the speaker. The cheers become louder and more frequent; the enthusiasm momentarily increases; until they are convulsed by emotions they are unable to control and shaken by passions of which they have resigned the direction.
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The nature of so great and permanent a force may well claim and has often received careful investigation. Is it born or acquired? Does it work for good or ill? Is it real or artificial? Such are the questions that philosophers from the days of Aristotle have revolved. Nor do they remain unanswered. And yet, with respect to the oratory of the English speaking peoples, there is room for further inquiry. It appears that there are certain elements inherent in all rhetoric: that there are certain features common to all the finest speeches in the English language. In painting partly mechanical arrangements of colour give pleasure to the eye. In music certain combinations of chords and discords are agreeable to the ear. And the art of oratory has also its "values" and its "thorough base": and this it is the ambitious aim of the article to examine.
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As the analysis proceeds we shall observe that rhetorical power is neither wholly bestowed nor wholly acquired, but cultivated. The peculiar temperament and talents of the orator must be his by nature. Their development is encouraged by practice. The orator is real. The rhetoric is partly artificial. Partly, but not wholly; for the nature of the artist is the spirit of his art, and much that appears to be the result of study is due to instinct. If we examine this strange being by the light of history we shall discover that he is in character sympathetic, sentimental, and earnest: that he is often as easily influenced by others as others are by him. Indeed the orator is the embodiment of the passions of the multitude. Before he can inspire them with any emotion he must be swayed by it himself. When he would rouse their indignation his heart is filled with anger. Before he can move their tears his own must flow. To convince them he must himself believe. His opinions may change as their impressions fade, but every orator means what he says at the moment he says it. He may be often inconsistent. He is never consciously insincere.
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The direct, though not the admitted, object which the orator has in view is to allay the commonplace influences and critical faculties of his audience, by presenting to their imaginations a series of vivid impressions which are replaced before they can be too closely examined and vanish before they can be assailed. The following appear to be the [five] principal elements by which this object is obtained.
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Correctness of DictionKnowledge of a language is measured by the nice and exact appreciation of words. There is no more important element in the technique of rhetoric than the continual employment of the best possible word. Whatever part of speech it is it must in each case absolutely express the full meaning of the speaker. It will leave no room for alternatives. Words exist in virtue of no arbitrary rule but have been evolved by the taste and experience of mankind and the instinct of language is implanted very deeply in the human character. There are few audiences so ignorant as to be incapable of admiring correct diction--for even if they have never heard the word before--they will, if it be rightly used understand its meaning. The scotch have been described as a "stern and dour" folk. "Dour" is a rare and uncommon word: but what else could it convey to the Anglo-Saxon mind than the character of the people of a cold, grey land, severe, just, thrifty and religious. So powerful indeed is the fascination of correct expression that it not only influences the audience, but sometimes even induces the orator, without prejudice to his sincerity, to adapt his principles to his phrases.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The unreflecting often imagine that the effects of oratory are produced by the use of long words. The error of this idea will appear from what has been written. The shorter words of a language are usually the more ancient. Their meaning is more ingrained in the national character and they appeal with greater force to simple understandings than words recently introduced from the Latin and the Greek. All the speeches of great English rhetoricians--except when addressing highly cultured audiences--display an uniform preference for short, homely words of common usage--so long as such words can fully express their thoughts and feelings....
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
RhythmThe great influence of sound on the human brain is well known. The sentences of the orator when he appeals to his art become long, rolling and sonorous. The peculiar balance of the phrases produces a cadence which resembles blank verse rather than prose. It would be easy to multiply examples since nearly every famous peroration in the English language might be quoted. We prefer to allude only to the opening lines of Dr. Johnson's "Rasselas" as a remarkable instance of correctness of diction and rhythm--which in a speech could not have failed to produce a tremendous effect upon an audience.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Accumulation of ArgumentThe climax of oratory is reached by a rapid succession of waves of sound and vivid pictures. The audience is delighted by the changing scenes presented to their imagination. Their ear is tickled by the rhythm of the language. The enthusiasm rises. A series of facts is brought forward all pointing in a common direction. The end appears in view before it is reached. The crowd anticipate the conclusion and the last words fall amid a thunder of assent.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
AnalogyThe affection of the mind for argument by analogy may afford a fertile theme to the cynical philosopher. The ambition of human beings to extend their knowledge favours the belief that the unknown is only an extension of the known: that the abstract and the concrete are ruled by similar principles: that the finite and the infinite are homogeneous. An apt analogy connects or appears to connect these distant spheres. It appeals to the everyday knowledge of the hearer and invites him to decide the problems that have baffled his powers of reason by the standard of the nursery and the heart. Argument by analogy leads to conviction rather than to proof and often led to glaring error.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
In spite of the arguments of the cynic the influence exercised over the human mind by apt analogies is and has always been immense. Whether they translate an established truth into simple language or whether they adventurously aspire to reveal the unknown, they are among the most formidable weapons of the rhetorician. The effect upon the most cultivated audiences is electrical.... One such will make a speech or mar a measure.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Wild ExtravaganceA tendency to wild extravagance of language--to extravagance so wild that reason recoils is evident in most perorations. The emotions of the speaker and the listeners are alike aroused and some expression must be found that will represent all they are feeling. This usually embodies in an extreme form the principles they are supporting. Thus Mr. Pitt wishing to eulogise the freedom possessed by Englishmen:"The poorest man may in his cottage bid defiance to all the forces of the Crown. It may be frail; its roof may shake: the wind may blow through it; the storms may enter, the rain may enter--but the King of England cannot enter! All his forces dare not cross the threshold of the ruined tenement."or Mr. Bryan anxious to display the superiority of a silver over a gold standard:"You shall not press a crown of thorns upon the brow of labour or crucify humanity on a cross of gold."
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The effect of such extravagances on a political struggle is tremendous. They become the watchwords of parties and the creeds of nationalities. But upon the audience the effect is to reduce pressure as when a safety valve is opened. Their feelings are more than adequately expressed. Their enthusiasm has boiled over. The orator who wished to incite his audience to a deed of violence would follow his accumulative argument, his rhythmical periods, his vivid word-pictures, by a moderate and reasonable conclusion. The cooling drink will be withheld from the thirsty man. the safety valves will be screwed down and the people will go out into the night to find the expression of their feelings for themselves. But a fortunate circumstance protects society from this danger. The man who can inspire the crowd by words, is as we have already observed, under the influence himself. Nor can he resist the desire to express his opinions in an extreme form or to carry his argument to to the culmination. But for this cunning counter-poise rhetoric would long since have been adjudged a crime.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
We conceive by this analysis we have displayed the principal elements of English oratory. So detailed and disconnected an examination of the structure favours the impression that rhetoric is to be regarded as an artificial science, which may be acquired by any who possess the physical qualifications. Experience shows that this conclusion would be incorrect. Throughout the country are men who speak well and fluently, who devote opportunity, talent and perseverance to improving their speaking and yet never deserve to be called orators. The subtle art of combining the various elements that separately mean nothing and collectively mean so much in an harmonious proportion is known to very few. Nor can it ever be imparted by them to others. Nature guards her secrets well and stops the mouths of those in whom she confides. But as the Chemist does not despair of ultimately bridging the chasm between the organic and the inorganic and of creating the living microcosm from its primordial elements, so the student of rhetoric may indulge the hope that Nature will finally yield to observation and perseverance, the key to the hearts of men.
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